Is meat eating morally defensible?

Contemporary ethical considerations on meat consumption in a world with growing global demand for protein.

Despite the growing global demand for protein, the ethical justification for meat consumption is increasingly questioned by certain media, NGOs, and influencers. Due to its nourishing role, animal protein sources have historically played an important role in human diets.

However, in high-income regions with high food security, concerns about raising and killing animals, animal welfare in intensive production, and environmental impacts are driving the argument for reduced meat consumption or even avoidance. This shift is supported by the development of plant-based alternatives, which are promoted as more environmentally friendly and morally responsible.

Malnutrition remains a significant global issue, with access to sufficient protein being crucial. Meat’s nutritional benefits, including its high protein quality and priority vitamins and minerals content, are often cited by those critical of the argument that meat consumption needs to be restricted. They argue that plant-based diets lack sufficient amounts of at least some of these nutrients. At the same time, certain experts also contend that the environmental benefits of producing sustainable meat must be accounted for, such as improving soil health and promoting biodiversity.

The practicality and sustainability of a global vegan diet are thus not to be taken for granted, as it can lead to unethical outcomes, especially in regions with limited arable land and the proper agricultural context. For example, Bolivia’s quinoa cultivation has led to land degradation, impacting local diets. Ethical arguments against meat often overlook the economic and social impacts on farmers. A purely plant-based diet is not feasible for everyone due to land constraints and import costs.

To address ethical concerns, the meat industry should improve communication and invest in scientific advances for better animal welfare. Maintaining some meat consumption with sustainable production methods can reduce harm and promote fairer food systems. This approach must balance human rights, public health, and environmental sustainability, especially for those less empowered in society.

See the full Paper by Candace Croney, Janice Swanson, “Is meat eating morally defensible? Contemporary ethical considerations | Animal Frontiers | Oxford Academic (oup.com)”